Set up Magento 2 with Redis, Varnish and Nginx as SSL termination

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magento 2 with redis varnish and nginx as ssl termination

In this article, we will show you how to install Magento 2 on an Ubuntu 16.04 VPS with MariaDB, PHP-FPM 7.0, Varnish as a full page cache, Nginx as SSL termination and Redis for session storage and page caching.  This guide should work on other Linux VPS systems as well but was tested and written for an Ubuntu 16.04 VPS.

Login to your VPS via SSH

ssh my_sudo_user@my_server

Update the system and install necessary packages

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y upgrade
sudo apt-get -y install curl nano git

Install MariaDB 10.0

Install the latest MariaDB 10.0 server from the official Ubuntu repositories:

sudo apt-get install -y mariadb-server

When the installation is complete, run the following command to secure your installation:

mysql_secure_installation

Next, we need to create a database for our Magento installation.

mysql -uroot -p
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE magento;
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON magento.* TO 'magento'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'my_strong_password';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> \q

Install PHP 7.0, composer and all required PHP modules

To install the latest stable version of PHP 7.0 and all necessary modules, run:

sudo apt-get -y install php-fpm php-cli php-gd php-imagick php-mysql php-mcrypt php-pear php-curl php-intl php-xsl php-zip php-mbstring

Change few default PHP settings:

sudo sed -i "s/memory_limit = .*/memory_limit = 256M/" /etc/php/7.0/fpm/php.ini
sudo sed -i "s/upload_max_filesize = .*/upload_max_filesize = 128M/" /etc/php/7.0/fpm/php.ini
sudo sed -i "s/zlib.output_compression = .*/zlib.output_compression = on/" /etc/php/7.0/fpm/php.ini
sudo sed -i "s/max_execution_time = .*/max_execution_time = 18000/" /etc/php/7.0/fpm/php.ini

The composer is a dependency manager for PHP with which you can install packages. The composer will pull in all the required libraries and dependencies you need for your project.

curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

Install Magento 2 from Github

Clone the Magento repository to the ~/myMagentoSite.com directory using the following command:

sudo git clone https://github.com/magento/magento2.git /var/www/myMagentoSite.com

Get the latest stable release, at the time of the writing it’s Magento 2.1.2:

cd /var/www/myMagentoSite.com
sudo git checkout $(git describe --tags $(git rev-list --tags --max-count=1))

Run composer to install all Magento dependencies:

sudo composer install

To continue with the installation you can either use the installation wizard or the command line, in this guide we will use the latter.

sudo bin/magento setup:install \
--base-url=http://myMagentoSite.com/ \
--db-host=localhost \
--db-name=magento \
--db-user=magento \
--db-password=my_strong_password \
--admin-firstname=First  \
--admin-lastname=Last \
--admin-email=user@myMagentoSite.com \
--admin-user=admin \
--admin-password=my_strong_password123 \
--language=en_US \
--currency=USD \
--timezone=America/Chicago \
--use-rewrites=1

If the installation is successful you will see something like below:

[SUCCESS]: Magento installation complete.
[SUCCESS]: Magento Admin URI: /admin_mejj1n

Run the crontab command to create a cronjob

crontab -u www-data -e

and add the following line:

* * * * * /usr/bin/php /var/www/myMagentoSite.com/bin/magento cron:run | grep -v "Ran jobs by schedule" >> /var/www/myMagentoSite.com/var/log/magento.cron.log

Finally, set the correct permissions:

sudo chown -R www-data: /var/www/myMagentoSite.com

Install and configure Nginx

Install Nginx from the official Ubuntu repositories::

sudo apt-get -y install nginx

Create a new Nginx server block with the following content:

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/myMagentoSite.com
upstream fastcgi_backend {
  server   unix:/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
}

server {
    server_name myMagentoSite.com www.myMagentoSite.com;
    listen 80;
    set $MAGE_ROOT /var/www/myMagentoSite.com;
    set $MAGE_MODE developer; # or production

    access_log /var/log/nginx/myMagentoSite.com-access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/myMagentoSite.com-error.log;

    include /var/www/myMagentoSite.com/nginx.conf.sample;        
}

Activate the server block by creating a symbolic link :

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/myMagentoSite.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/myMagentoSite.com

Delete the default configuration:

sudo rm -f /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

Test the Nginx configuration and restart nginx:

sudo nginx -t
sudo service nginx restart

You should be now able to login to your Magento back-end by going to http://myMagentoSite.com/admin_mejj1n using the information you set when running the bin/magento setup:install .

Install and configure Varnish

Installing Varnish is as simple as running the following command:

sudo apt-get install varnish

From your Magento Admin dashboard click on the STORES link (left sidebar) -> Configuration -> ADVANCED -> System -> Full Page Cache
Unselected Use system value and from the Caching Application list, select Varnish Cache (Recommended), save the configuration, click on the Varnish Configuration link and click on the Export VCL for Varnish 4 button. The varnish.vcl file which we will use will be exported in the directory /var/www/myMagentoSite.com/var/.

Flush the Magento cache with:

sudo php bin/magento cache:flush

Delete the /etc/varnish/default.vcl and symlink it to the exported varnish configuration.

sudo rm -f /etc/varnish/default.vcl
sudo ln -sf /var/www/myMagentoSite.com/var/varnish.vcl /etc/varnish/default.vcl

To change the varnish port from 6081 to 80, we need to edit the systemd service configuration.

Create a new customexec.conf file

sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/varnish.service.d
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/varnish.service.d/customexec.conf

paste the following:

[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/varnishd -j unix,user=vcache -F -a :80 -T localhost:6082 -f /etc/varnish/default.vcl -S /etc/varnish/secret -s malloc,256m

and reload systemd units

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

Now we need to change Nginx listening port from 80 to 8080 and enable Nginx SSL termination with HTTP2, to do that open the Nginx configuration file and change it as follows:

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/myMagentoSite.com
upstream fastcgi_backend {
  server   unix:/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
}

server {
    server_name myMagentoSite.com www.myMagentoSite.com;
    listen 8080;
    set $MAGE_ROOT /var/www/myMagentoSite.com;
    set $MAGE_MODE production; # or developer

    access_log /var/log/nginx/myMagentoSite.com-access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/myMagentoSite.com-error.log;

    include /var/www/myMagentoSite.com/nginx.conf.sample;        
}

server {

    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name myMagentoSite.com www.myMagentoSite.com;

    ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem; # change with your SSL cert
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key; # change with your SSL key
    ssl_protocols              TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_ciphers               'AES128+EECDH:AES128+EDH:!aNULL';
    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_session_timeout 24h;
    keepalive_timeout 300s;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Ssl-Offloaded "1";
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Proto https;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Port 443;
        #proxy_hide_header X-Varnish;
        #proxy_hide_header Via;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

    }

}

If you don’t already have an SSL certificate, you can purchase a trusted SSL certificate.

Restart Varnish and Nginx:

sudo systemctl restart nginx
sudo systemctl restart varnish

Change the base URL to https and flush the cache

sudo bin/magento setup:store-config:set --base-url="https://myMagentoSite.com"
sudo php bin/magento cache:flush

If everything is setup correctly now you should be able to login to your Magento back-end by going to https://myMagentoSite.com/admin_mejj1n.

Install and configure Redis caching

Redis is a key-value in memory data store and we will use it to replace the default Magento 2 Zend_Cache_Backend_File backend cache.  Install Redis by running the following command:

apt-get install php-redis redis-server

To configure your Magento installation to use Redis for session storage open the app/etc/env.php file and change/add the following:

sudo nano /var/www/myMagentoSite.com/app/etc/env.php

change:

  'session' =>
  array (
    'save' => 'files',
  ),

with:

'session' => 
   array (
   'save' => 'redis',
   'redis' => 
      array (
	'host' => '127.0.0.1',
	'port' => '6379',
	'password' => '',
	'timeout' => '2.5',
	'persistent_identifier' => '',
	'database' => '0',
	'compression_threshold' => '2048',
	'compression_library' => 'gzip',
	'log_level' => '1',
	'max_concurrency' => '6',
	'break_after_frontend' => '5',
	'break_after_adminhtml' => '30',
	'first_lifetime' => '600',
	'bot_first_lifetime' => '60',
	'bot_lifetime' => '7200',
	'disable_locking' => '0',
	'min_lifetime' => '60',
	'max_lifetime' => '2592000'
    )
),

and to use Redis for page caching add:

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'cache' =>
array(
   'frontend' =>
   array(
      'default' =>
      array(
         'backend' => 'Cm_Cache_Backend_Redis',
         'backend_options' =>
         array(
            'server' => '127.0.0.1',
            'port' => '6379'
            ),
    ),
    'page_cache' =>
    array(
      'backend' => 'Cm_Cache_Backend_Redis',
      'backend_options' =>
       array(
         'server' => '127.0.0.1',
         'port' => '6379',
         'database' => '1',
         'compress_data' => '0'
       )
    )
  )
),

Finally flush the cache again:

sudo php bin/magento cache:flush

Further Optimizations

To further optimize your Magento installation from you Magento admin dashboard:

1. Go to STORES -> Configuration -> CATALOG -> Catalog -> Use Flat Catalog Category, select Yes and click Save Config.
2. Go to STORES -> Configuration -> ADVANCED -> Developer -> JavaScript Settings and set both Merge JavaScript Files and Minify JavaScript Files to Yes and click Save Config..
3. Go to STORES -> Configuration -> ADVANCED -> Developer -> CSS Settings and set both Merge CSS Files and Minify CSS Files to Yes and click Save Config.
4. Consider using a CDN – Content Delivery Network

Do not forget to flush the cache:

sudo php bin/magento cache:flush

That’s it. You have successfully installed Magento 2 with Redis as a session storage and page caching, Varnish as a full page caching and Nginx as SSL termination on your Ubuntu 16.04 VPS. For more information about how to manage your Magento installation, please refer to the official Magento documentation.

Of course, you don’t have to do any of this if you use one of our Magento VPS Hosting services, in which case you can simply ask our expert Linux admins to setup this for you. They are available 24×7 and will take care of your request immediately.

PS. If you liked this post please share it with your friends on the social networks using the buttons on the left or simply leave a reply below. Thanks.

72 thoughts on “Set up Magento 2 with Redis, Varnish and Nginx as SSL termination”

  1. Found few typos;
    1. sudo git https://github.com/magento/magento2.git /var/www/myMagentoSite.com
    Missing “clone”.

    2. latter -> later

    Like several howto’s, I find myself looking at HTTP ERROR 500 with a bare new Ubuntu 16.04 VPS installation.

    Reply

      • The 500 error was due improper read permissions. Even tho entire root was chowned to www-data, some of the files needed manual chmodding.

        Reply

  2. Hello, I have a problem when I try to “sudo systemctl restart varnish”. It shows “Job for varnish.service failed. See ‘systemctl status varnish.service’ and ‘journalctl -xn’ for details.”
    Then I use ‘systemctl status varnish.service’ and it shows

    ● varnish.service – Varnish HTTP accelerator
    Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/varnish.service; enabled)
    Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/varnish.service.d
    └─customexec.conf
    Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2016-12-16 20:53:29 CET; 7s ago
    Process: 23563 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/varnishd -j unix,user=vcache -F -a :80 -T localhost:6082 -f /etc/varnish/default.vcl -S /etc/varnish/secret -s malloc,256m (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
    Process: 23553 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/varnishd -C -f /etc/varnish/default.vcl (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Main PID: 18167 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

    Dec 16 20:53:29 mywebsite varnishd[23563]: # -s persist{experimenta}
    Dec 16 20:53:29 mywebsite varnishd[23563]: # -s file,,,
    Dec 16 20:53:29 mywebsite varnishd[23563]: -S secret-file # Secret file for CLI authentication
    Dec 16 20:53:29 mywebsite systemd[1]: varnish.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
    Dec 16 20:53:29 mywebsite systemd[1]: Failed to start Varnish HTTP accelerator.
    Dec 16 20:53:29 mywebsite systemd[1]: Unit varnish.service entered failed state.
    Dec 16 20:53:29 mywebsite varnishd[23563]: -T address:port # Telnet listen address and port
    Dec 16 20:53:29 mywebsite varnishd[23563]: -t # Default TTL
    Dec 16 20:53:29 mywebsite varnishd[23563]: -u user # Privilege separation user id
    Dec 16 20:53:29 mywebsite varnishd[23563]: -V # version

    I followed every step on this tutorial but I used Debian 8. I’m not sure is that cause the problem.
    Do you have any idea how to fix get varnish work?

    Reply

        • Delete the /etc/systemd/system/varnish.service.d/customexec.conf file and create a new customexec.conf file with the following content:

          [Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/varnishd -a :80 -T localhost:6082 -f /etc/varnish/default.vcl -S /etc/varnish/secret -s malloc,256m

          reload the deamon sudo systemctl daemon-reload and restart the service sudo systemctl restart varnish

          Reply

      • Hello,

        Thank you for your response. the output is
        “tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 23697/nginx -g daem”

        Plus, I didn’t install apache.

        Thank you.

        Reply

  3. Hello,
    Can I call other file on /var/www/myMagentoSite.com example I upload phpinfo.php in /var/www/myMagentoSite.com but I can’t call http://myMagentoSite.com/phpinfo.php

    Reply

    • It is possible that phpino() is a forbidden function on your server. You can call any other file to check if it is working properly.

      Reply

  4. Hi,

    As soon as I finish varnish and restart nginx / varnish with

    sudo systemctl restart nginx
    sudo systemctl restart varnish

    I get error 503 / Backend Fetch Failed / Varnish Cache Server

    When I look at my varnish.vcl that I exported from my magento2 backend and uploaded to /var/www/mysite/var, I see that .host and .port are empty. I see no instructions in your guide about this, but Is it possible that that has something to do with it? If not, do you have any idea what might cause this? I have followed your guide exactly and everything worked great up to this point. Thank you!

    – Nick

    Reply

    • Our tutorial is tested and working without a problem. Have you made sure that you’ve followed the instructions correctly?
      Please try doing all of the described steps again and be more careful.

      Reply

  5. You’re right, I exported the VCL file before saving the configuration in Magento – Varnish now works except when I enable SSL.
    I’ve uploaded my certificate and key, and when I enter the SSL information in sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/myMagentoSite.com and restart nginx / varnish and flush cache, I get a ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS error.
    Any idea what might cause this?

    Reply

  6. Hi,

    Removing the SSL part of the nginx conf file solves that problem for now, although for some reason there’s still one issue that I can’t seem to fix. I think it’s the same problem Pong is having a few posts back. I went through your instructions carefully and have wiped the server and reinstalled everything about 5 times to make sure I didn’t miss anything, but it keeps giving me the same problem:

    – After NGINX is installed, i’ve created my nginx block, created the symlink, deleted the default conf and restarted nginx and then the magento shop works great, however when I upload something through SFTP (for example 3.zip, or a php file to /var/www/mydomain.com/) or when I add an image while adding a product it always gives me a 404 error. I can’t seem to find anything in the logs about it or elsewhere online, but hopefully you’re able to provide a solution for this. Thanks and sorry for all the questions!

    Reply

  7. Hi after complete varnish installation error coming

    Error 503 Backend fetch failed

    Backend fetch failed

    Guru Meditation:

    XID: 32807

    Pls help

    Reply

      • double chk again but the issue yet not solve

        Error 503 Backend fetch failed

        Backend fetch failed

        Guru Meditation:

        XID: 32934

        Reply

        • Please check the log files and see if there are some errors about this. Also, provide us with the output of ‘ps aux’ command.

          Reply

          • same issue

            USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
            root 1 0.0 0.2 119780 5976 ? Ss Apr05 0:09 /sbin/init
            root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr05 0:00 [kthreadd]
            root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr05 0:03 [ksoftirqd/0]
            root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [kworker/0:0H]
            root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr05 0:03 [rcu_sched]
            root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr05 0:00 [rcu_bh]
            root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr05 0:00 [migration/0]
            root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr05 0:00 [watchdog/0]
            root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr05 0:00 [kdevtmpfs]
            root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [netns]
            root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [perf]
            root 14 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr05 0:00 [xenwatch]
            root 15 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr05 0:00 [xenbus]
            root 17 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr05 0:00 [khungtaskd]
            root 18 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [writeback]
            root 19 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN Apr05 0:00 [ksmd]
            root 20 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN Apr05 0:00 [khugepaged]
            root 21 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [crypto]
            root 22 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [kintegrityd]
            root 23 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 24 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [kblockd]
            root 25 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [ata_sff]
            root 26 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [md]
            root 27 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [devfreq_wq]
            root 30 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr05 0:00 [kswapd0]
            root 31 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [vmstat]
            root 32 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr05 0:00 [fsnotify_mark]
            root 33 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr05 0:00 [ecryptfs-kthrea]
            root 49 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [kthrotld]
            root 50 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [acpi_thermal_pm]
            root 51 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 52 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 53 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 54 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 55 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 56 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 57 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 58 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 59 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 60 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 61 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 62 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 63 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 64 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 65 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 66 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 67 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 68 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 69 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 70 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 71 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 72 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 73 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 74 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 75 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr05 0:00 [scsi_eh_0]
            root 76 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [scsi_tmf_0]
            root 77 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr05 0:00 [scsi_eh_1]
            root 78 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [scsi_tmf_1]
            root 84 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [ipv6_addrconf]
            root 85 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 98 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [deferwq]
            root 99 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [charger_manager]
            root 139 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 140 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 141 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 142 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 143 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 144 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 145 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 146 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 147 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [kpsmoused]
            root 264 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [raid5wq]
            root 299 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [bioset]
            root 323 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? D Apr05 0:02 [jbd2/xvda1-8]
            root 324 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [ext4-rsv-conver]
            root 371 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [kworker/0:1H]
            root 378 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [iscsi_eh]
            root 382 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [ib_addr]
            root 386 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [ib_mcast]
            root 388 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [ib_nl_sa_wq]
            root 393 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [ib_cm]
            root 396 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [iw_cm_wq]
            root 400 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [rdma_cm]
            root 412 0.0 0.3 38972 7548 ? Ss Apr05 0:02 /lib/systemd/systemd-journald
            root 416 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Apr05 0:00 [kauditd]
            root 441 0.0 0.0 102968 1492 ? Ss Apr05 0:00 /sbin/lvmetad -f
            root 476 0.0 0.1 42528 3692 ? Ss Apr05 0:00 /lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
            systemd+ 529 0.0 0.1 100324 2332 ? Ssl Apr05 0:00 /lib/systemd/systemd-timesyncd
            root 927 0.0 0.1 16120 2900 ? Ss Apr05 0:00 /sbin/dhclient -1 -v -pf /run/dhclient.eth0.pid -lf /var/lib/dhcp/dhclient.eth0.leases -I -df /var/lib/
            root 1083 0.0 0.0 5224 156 ? Ss Apr05 0:01 /sbin/iscsid
            root 1084 0.0 0.1 5724 3520 ? S<Ls Apr05 0:07 /sbin/iscsid
            root 1086 0.0 0.0 4400 1324 ? Ss Apr05 0:00 /usr/sbin/acpid
            root 1087 0.0 0.1 28620 2968 ? Ss Apr05 0:00 /lib/systemd/systemd-logind
            root 1090 0.0 0.3 272944 7800 ? Ssl Apr05 0:01 /usr/lib/accountsservice/accounts-daemon
            syslog 1096 0.0 0.1 260632 3608 ? Ssl Apr05 0:00 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n
            root 1109 0.0 0.1 26068 2452 ? Ss Apr05 0:00 /usr/sbin/cron -f
            message+ 1122 0.0 0.1 42904 3816 ? Ss Apr05 0:02 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon –system –address=systemd: –nofork –nopidfile –systemd-activation
            daemon 1135 0.0 0.1 26044 2092 ? Ss Apr05 0:00 /usr/sbin/atd -f
            root 1137 0.0 0.2 636488 6036 ? Ssl Apr05 0:00 /usr/bin/lxcfs /var/lib/lxcfs/
            root 1190 0.0 0.3 279324 7144 ? Ssl Apr05 0:00 /usr/lib/policykit-1/polkitd –no-debug
            root 1270 0.0 0.0 12844 1612 ttyS0 Ss+ Apr05 0:00 /sbin/agetty –keep-baud 115200 38400 9600 ttyS0 vt220
            root 1273 0.0 0.0 14660 1704 tty1 Ss+ Apr05 0:00 /sbin/agetty –noclear tty1 linux
            root 1326 0.0 0.2 65520 5824 ? Ss Apr05 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
            varnish+ 1709 0.1 0.1 99404 2244 ? Ss Apr05 1:43 /usr/bin/varnishlog -a -w /var/log/varnish/varnish.log
            varnish+ 1994 0.1 0.1 99416 2312 ? Ss Apr05 1:43 /usr/bin/varnishncsa -a -w /var/log/varnish/varnishncsa.log
            www-data 2059 0.0 3.3 490040 69440 ? S Apr05 0:03 php-fpm: pool www
            root 6972 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [xfsalloc]
            root 6973 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Apr05 0:00 [xfs_mru_cache]
            root 7229 0.0 1.0 266532 20732 ? Ssl Apr05 0:00 /usr/lib/snapd/snapd
            root 9817 0.0 0.0 13376 164 ? Ss Apr05 0:00 /sbin/mdadm –monitor –pid-file /run/mdadm/monitor.pid –daemonise –scan –syslog
            root 15636 0.0 0.9 290448 19676 ? Sl Apr05 0:14 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/fail2ban-server -s /var/run/fail2ban/fail2ban.sock -p /var/run/fail2ban/fail2
            root 17509 0.0 0.1 18232 2204 ? S Apr05 0:00 /bin/bash /usr/bin/mysqld_safe
            mysql 17653 0.0 7.9 629404 162276 ? Sl Apr05 0:46 /usr/sbin/mysqld –basedir=/usr –datadir=/var/lib/mysql –plugin-dir=/usr/lib/mysql/plugin –user=mysq
            root 17654 0.0 0.0 23180 1344 ? S Apr05 0:00 logger -t mysqld -p daemon error
            ubuntu 17921 0.0 0.2 45248 4676 ? Ss 20:27 0:00 /lib/systemd/systemd –user
            ubuntu 17924 0.0 0.0 61304 2032 ? S 20:27 0:00 (sd-pam)
            root 18549 0.0 0.3 95368 6668 ? Ss 21:33 0:00 sshd: ubuntu [priv]
            ubuntu 18603 0.0 0.1 95368 3312 ? S 21:33 0:00 sshd: ubuntu@notty
            ubuntu 18604 0.0 0.0 12884 1948 ? Ss 21:33 0:00 /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server
            root 19076 0.0 0.0 135628 1752 ? Ss 22:16 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -g daemon on; master_process on;
            www-data 19077 0.0 0.3 135956 7440 ? S 22:16 0:00 nginx: worker process
            root 20345 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 22:30 0:00 [kworker/u30:0]
            root 20371 0.0 0.3 95368 6656 ? Ss 22:33 0:00 sshd: ubuntu [priv]
            ubuntu 20431 0.0 0.1 95368 3308 ? S 22:34 0:00 sshd: ubuntu@notty
            ubuntu 20432 0.0 0.0 12884 1936 ? Ss 22:34 0:00 /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server
            root 20531 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 22:40 0:00 [kworker/0:0]
            root 20583 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 22:47 0:00 [kworker/0:1]
            root 20601 0.0 0.3 95372 6768 ? Ss 22:49 0:00 sshd: ubuntu [priv]
            ubuntu 20634 0.0 0.1 95372 4080 ? S 22:49 0:00 sshd: ubuntu@pts/1
            ubuntu 20642 0.0 0.2 21480 5220 pts/1 Ss 22:49 0:00 -bash
            root 20956 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 22:57 0:00 [kworker/u30:1]
            vcache 21084 0.0 0.3 125044 7808 ? Ss 23:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/varnishd -j unix,user=vcache -F -a :80 -T localhost:6082 -f /etc/varnish/default.vcl -S /etc/
            vcache 21098 0.0 4.7 274096 96952 ? Sl 23:08 0:00 /usr/sbin/varnishd -j unix,user=vcache -F -a :80 -T localhost:6082 -f /etc/varnish/default.vcl -S /etc/
            root 21538 0.0 0.2 66864 6052 ? Ss 23:16 0:00 sshd: [accepted]
            sshd 21539 0.0 0.1 66864 3292 ? S 23:16 0:00 sshd: [net]
            root 21540 0.0 0.1 55756 4036 pts/1 S+ 23:16 0:00 sudo ps aux
            root 21541 0.0 0.1 36084 3256 pts/1 R+ 23:16 0:00 ps aux
            root 29181 0.0 1.7 400108 35740 ? Ss Apr05 0:02 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php/7.0/fpm/php-fpm.conf)
            www-data 29185 0.0 2.9 483752 60236 ? S Apr05 0:06 php-fpm: pool www
            www-data 29891 0.0 3.2 488180 66716 ? S Apr05 0:04 php-fpm: pool www

  8. hi,

    thank you for the great article really helpful,

    i have problem i configure everything like your post, but still varnish is not working , my website load perfect but when i check varnish through isvarnishworking.uk i got that varnish not working

    root@instance-1:~# netstat -anlp | grep 80
    tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10325/varnishd
    tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 10310/nginx -g daem
    tcp 0 0 10.132.0.2:55638 169.254.169.254:80 ESTABLISHED 1793/python3
    tcp 0 0 10.132.0.2:55632 169.254.169.254:80 CLOSE_WAIT 1793/python3
    tcp 0 0 10.132.0.2:55628 169.254.169.254:80 CLOSE_WAIT 1781/python3
    tcp 0 0 10.132.0.2:55636 169.254.169.254:80 ESTABLISHED 1778/python3
    tcp 0 0 10.132.0.2:55634 169.254.169.254:80 ESTABLISHED 1781/python3
    tcp 0 0 10.132.0.2:55630 169.254.169.254:80 CLOSE_WAIT 1778/python3
    tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 10325/varnishd
    udp6 0 0 fe80::4001:aff:fe84:123 :::* 1683/ntpd

    Reply

    • All the software you mentioned can co-exist just fine on the same server.

      However, note that you don’t really need Memcached. If your intention is to use it for storing Magento PHP sessions – you can do the same just fine using Redis.

      Reply

  10. Do you have any idea how further to configure Nginx and Varnish without using any other third proxies (as hitch or HAproxy) for supporting the letsencrypt certbot to install SSL? – webroot doesn’t work with your tutorial, it shows (Failed authorization procedure. domain.com (http-01): urn:acme:error:unauthorized :: The client lacks sufficient authorization :: Invalid response from domain.com/.well-known/acme-challenge/ etc.)

    Reply

    • You should be able to install letsencrypt without a problem.

      Things you want to check:

      Was the webroot path you provided correct? To test this, you can create a file manually under domain.com/.well-known/acme-challenge/test, put some random content in there, and verify that when you browse to domain.com/.well-known/acme-challenge/test, you get that content back.
      Is there a .htaccess rule (or something similar) that could be interfering with that request, and prevent the file from being served?

      Reply

    • upstream fastcgi_backend {
      server unix:/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
      }

      server {
      server_name myMagentoSite.com;
      listen 80;
      set $MAGE_ROOT /var/www/myMagentoSite.com;
      set $MAGE_MODE developer; # or production

      access_log /var/log/nginx/myMagentoSite.com-access.log;
      error_log /var/log/nginx/myMagentoSite.com-error.log;

      # ADD THIS
      location ^~ /.well-known {
      alias /var/www/myMagentoSite.com/.well-known/;
      auth_basic off;
      allow all;
      }

      include /var/www/myMagentoSite.com/nginx.conf.sample;
      }

      Reply

      • Cotiga with your suggestion it really works!! i have got the letsencrypt certificates !! I was trying to do the same with the 2 other directories (one for installing new magento2 theme) and one more but it doesn’t work for them!! Nginx shows 404 Not found.

        Reply

  11. i have a problem in the backend, web setup wizard missing from my backend i don’t know where is the problem do you think because we change nginx default port to 8080 or problem in github magento files sudo git clone https://github.com/magento/magento2.git

    i spend last 3 days trying to figure out what the problem but i never get a clear solutions ,

    please let me know how you solve it ?!

    Reply

    • Nginx should be set on port 8080, so that shouldn’t be a problem if you have Varnish properly configured.

      Generally, if there is a problem with the application or the server configuration you should check the log files as they will help you to identify the problem.

      Thanks.

      Reply

      • I too have the same issue: There is no “system=>tools=.web setup wizard” in the backend. I am using Magento 2.2 and trying to upgrade to Magento 2.2.1

        I have followed the instructions in this tutorial exactly.

        Please advise

        Reply

        • This seems like a magento bug.

          For more information an possible solutions please check:
          https://github.com/magento/magento2/issues/5247

          Reply

          • ok, I have checked through the entire link and not a single solution has helped. I assume the only solution would be to upgrade magento through the command line (via http://devdocs.magento.com/guides/v2.1/comp-mgr/cli/cli-upgrade.html) however, this too does not seem to work the command:

            “composer require magento/product-community-edition 2.2.1 –no-update”
            then
            “composer update”

            gives the error:

            Problem 1
            – The requested package magento/product-community-edition could not be found in any version, there may be a typo in the package name.

            I have already followed many tutorials to try and install Magento 2 and this one seemed to have gotten me the farthest. However I cannot built a production site on Magento if it can never be upgraded. Does anyone else have this upgrade issue?

          • FYI the “Web Setup Wizard” shows up when using Apache2 instead of Nginx as the web server (as per your other tutorial: https://www.rosehosting.com/blog/how-to-install-magento-2-with-varnish-apache-and-pound-as-ssl-termination/)

  12. Hi,

    getting

    Error 503 Backend fetch failed

    Backend fetch failed

    Guru Meditation:

    XID: 32777

    Varnish cache server

    Please help

    Reply

    • Our tutorial is tested and working without a problem. Have you made sure that you’ve followed the instructions correctly?
      Please try doing all of the described steps again and be more careful.

      Reply

  13. Well done sir!!

    Works like a charm!
    No errors, no bugs! perfect instalation! my magento is flying righ now!

    Thanks a lot!

    Reply

  14. Hi!

    I’m getting “The requested PHP extension ext-soap * is missing from your system. Install or enable PHP’s soap extension” – with Ubuntu 16.0.4, after the ‘sudo composer install step’.

    I’ve worked through the guide three times now, even wiping our VPS instance and starting from scratch – same error each time.

    Any suggestions would be most welcome.

    Thanks,

    Steve

    Reply

  15. With this configuration it is not possible to get the real client-ip , so modules as geoip and fraudlabpro dotsn’t work properly! they always shows 127.0.0.1 as a client’s ip while this ip is using varnish and passing to nginx! Any idea how to solve it?
    Best Regards

    Reply

  16. Can you please be more specific? i was trying few times based on suggestions i ‘ve found on internet, bit everytime i was getting 502 bad getway after that! I have read that only the first time the headers passing the real-ip , if we need to get the real ip everytime , then it has some pipe() commands, which i am not sure i can understand what exactly they are doing, but in each try i was getting 502 error. Also i have read that except Varnish in order to get the right logs at nginx with real-ip it needs some extra configuration! So whil ei am not very familiar with it i would appreciate any further help.

    Reply

    • To preserve the client IP address try adding the following lines in your Varnish configuration:

      sub vcl_recv {
  unset req.http.X-Forwarded-For;
  set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = client.ip;
}

      Then restart Varnish and watch the log files.

      Reply

  17. I have added it but it doesn’t work! i am still getting 127.0.0.1 at Magento backend for all clients! Probably something more must be added to to nginx??

    Best Regards

    Reply

  18. Hi,

    Thank you for your post it’s very great.

    I have a problem with my configuration of nginx.
    Nginx doesn’t work

    `–# nginx -t
    nginx: [emerg] duplicate location “/” in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/magento2:36
    nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed

    See my file of nginx (/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/magento2) :

    upstream fastcgi_backend {
    server unix:/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
    }

    server {
    server_name xxxx;
    listen 8080;
    set $MAGE_ROOT /var/www/myMagentoSite.com;
    set $MAGE_MODE production; # or developer

    access_log /var/log/nginx/myMagentoSite.com-access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/myMagentoSite.com-error.log;

    include /var/www/myMagentoSite.com/nginx.conf.sample;
    }

    server {

    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name xxxx;

    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/xxxx/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/xxxx/privkey.pem;
    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_ciphers ‘AES128+EECDH:AES128+EDH:!aNULL’;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_session_timeout 24h;
    keepalive_timeout 300s;

    location / {
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
    proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $http_host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header Ssl-Offloaded “1”;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port 443;
    #proxy_hide_header X-Varnish;
    #proxy_hide_header Via;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

    }

    }

    When I remove he part of “upstream fastcgi_backend” and “include /var/www/magento2/nginx.conf.sample” nginx work.
    “duplicate location /” What is it ?

    Thank you for your help

    Regards,

    Clément.

    Reply

  19. i insert this snippet at sub vcl_recv :

    if (req.restarts == 0) {
    if (req.http.x-forwarded-for) {
    set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = req.http.X-Forwarded-For + ", " + client.ip;
    } else {
    set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = client.ip;
    }
    }

    and i have these directives at nginx/sites-available/mydomain.com
    location / {
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
    proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $http_host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header Ssl-Offloaded "1";
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port 443;
    #proxy_hide_header X-Varnish;
    #proxy_hide_header Via;
    #proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

    }

    and finally this is what i am getting with Varnishlog command :

    * <> 229756
    - Begin req 229755 rxreq
    - Timestamp Start: 1502220624.492312 0.000000 0.000000
    - Timestamp Req: 1502220624.492312 0.000000 0.000000
    - ReqStart 127.0.0.1 56092
    - ReqMethod GET
    - ReqURL /aromatizatori/aerozolnye-aromati.html?p=3&saturation_rating=52
    - ReqProtocol HTTP/1.0
    - ReqHeader Host: mydomain.com
    - ReqHeader X-Forwarded-Host: mydomain.com
    - ReqHeader X-Real-IP: 66.249.76.78
    - ReqHeader X-Forwarded-For: 66.249.76.78
    - ReqHeader Ssl-Offloaded: 1
    - ReqHeader X-Forwarded-Proto: https
    - ReqHeader X-Forwarded-Port: 443
    - ReqHeader Connection: close
    - ReqHeader Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
    - ReqHeader From: googlebot(at)googlebot.com
    - ReqHeader User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)
    - ReqHeader Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,br
    - ReqUnset X-Forwarded-For: 66.249.76.78
    - ReqHeader X-Forwarded-For: 66.249.76.78, 127.0.0.1
    - VCL_call RECV
    - ReqUnset X-Forwarded-For: 66.249.76.78, 127.0.0.1
    - ReqHeader X-Forwarded-For: 66.249.76.78, 127.0.0.1, 127.0.0.1
    - ReqURL /aromatizatori/aerozolnye-aromati.html?p=3&saturation_rating=52
    - ReqUnset Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,br
    - ReqHeader Accept-Encoding: gzip
    - ReqURL /aromatizatori/aerozolnye-aromati.html?p=3&saturation_rating=52
    - ReqURL /aromatizatori/aerozolnye-aromati.html?p=3&saturation_rating=52
    - ReqURL /aromatizatori/aerozolnye-aromati.html?p=3&saturation_rating=52
    - VCL_return hash
    - VCL_call HASH
    - VCL_return lookup
    - VCL_call MISS
    - VCL_return fetch
    - Link bereq 229757 fetch
    - Timestamp Fetch: 1502220624.995656 0.503343 0.503343
    - RespProtocol HTTP/1.1
    - RespStatus 200
    - RespReason OK
    - RespHeader Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
    - RespHeader Date: Tue, 08 Aug 2017 19:30:24 GMT
    - RespHeader Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
    - RespHeader X-Magento-Tags: store,cms_block,catalog_category_127,catalog_category,catalog_category_product_127,catalog_product_441,catalog_product,catalog_product_452,catalog_product_457,catalog_product_461,catalog_product_481,catalog_product_499,cms_block_fastest-g
    - RespHeader X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
    - RespHeader X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
    - RespHeader X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
    - RespHeader Vary: Accept-Encoding
    - RespHeader Pragma: no-cache
    - RespHeader Expires: -1
    - RespHeader Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, max-age=0
    - RespHeader Content-Encoding: gzip
    - RespHeader X-Varnish: 229756
    - RespHeader Age: 0
    - RespHeader Via: 1.1 varnish-v4
    - VCL_call DELIVER
    - RespUnset Age: 0
    - RespUnset X-Magento-Tags: store,cms_block,catalog_category_127,catalog_category,catalog_category_product_127,catalog_product_441,catalog_product,catalog_product_452,catalog_product_457,catalog_product_461,catalog_product_481,catalog_product_499,cms_block_fastest-g
    - RespUnset Server: nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
    - RespUnset X-Varnish: 229756
    - RespUnset Via: 1.1 varnish-v4
    - VCL_return deliver
    - Timestamp Process: 1502220624.995700 0.503387 0.000044
    - RespHeader Accept-Ranges: bytes
    - RespHeader Content-Length: 30547
    - Debug "RES_MODE 2"
    - RespHeader Connection: close
    - Timestamp Resp: 1502220624.995744 0.503432 0.000044
    - ReqAcct 499 0 499 396 30547 30943
    - End

    And this is what i am getting form Varnishncsa command :

    127.0.0.1 - - [08/Aug/2017:22:34:09 +0300] "GET http://mydomain.com/gretseskaja-konservatsija/tomatnaja-gruppa/tomaty-sushenye-v-masle-monastyrskie-delphi-340g.html HTTP/1.0" 200 26286 "https://mydomain.com/gretseskaja-konservatsija/tomatnaja-gruppa.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.12; rv:54.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/54.0"
    127.0.0.1 - - [08/Aug/2017:22:34:10 +0300] "GET http://mydomain.com/static/version1502219420/frontend/mage/calendar.css HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "https://mydomain.com/gretseskaja-konservatsija/tomatnaja-gruppa/tomaty-sushenye-v-masle-monastyrskie-delphi-340g.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.12; rv:54.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/54.0"

    In anyway Magento always shows 127.0.0.1 to client’s ip at order view!
    What i am missing yet?
    Best Regards

    Reply

  20. And finally the nginx logs are :

    root@mydomain:/var/log/nginx# cat access.log
    81.19.78.134 – – [08/Aug/2017:22:48:57 +0300] “GET /media/email/logo/default/logo_2.png HTTP/1.0” 200 30463 “https://mail.rambler.ru/” “RamblerMail/6.0 (incompatible; ImageProxy/6.0)”
    66.249.76.80 – – [08/Aug/2017:22:49:01 +0300] “GET /gretsesk-olivkovoe-maslo.html?oil_packing_material=34&oliveoil_acidity=-&volume=8 HTTP/1.1” 200 29120 “-” “Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)”
    66.249.76.78 – – [08/Aug/2017:22:49:20 +0300] “GET /aromatizatori/aerozolnye-aromati.html?p=5&saturation_rating=53 HTTP/1.1” 200 30671 “-” “Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)”
    root@gmydoamin.com:/var/log/nginx# cat mydomain.com-access.log
    127.0.0.1 – – [08/Aug/2017:22:48:57 +0300] “GET /media/email/logo/default/ogo_2.png HTTP/1.1” 200 30463 “https://mail.rambler.ru/” “RamblerMail/6.0 (incompatible; ImageProxy/6.0)”
    127.0.0.1 – – [08/Aug/2017:22:49:01 +0300] “GET /gretsesk-olivkovoe-maslo.html?oil_packing_material=34&oliveoil_acidity=-&volume=8 HTTP/1.1” 200 29110 “-” “Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)”
    127.0.0.1 – – [08/Aug/2017:22:49:20 +0300] “GET /aromatizatori/aerozolnye-aromati.html?p=5&saturation_rating=53 HTTP/1.1” 200 30669 “-” “Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)”

    As it seems the general nginx access log shows the real ips but the domains nginx log shows 127.0.0.1 !!!
    Any help would be very valuable!!
    Best Regards

    Reply

    • Try using the Nginx realIP module – http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_realip_module.html
      Add these lines in your virtual host file:

      set_real_ip_from   127.0.0.1;
real_ip_header      X-Forwarded-For;
      Reply

      • this is the nginx build , which is already compiled –with-http_realip_module option!

        nginx/1.10.3 (Ubuntu)
        built with OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016
        TLS SNI support enabled
        configure arguments: –with-cc-opt=’-g -O2 -fPIE -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2′ –with-ld-opt=’-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -fPIE -pie -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now’ –prefix=/usr/share/nginx –conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf –http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log –error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log –lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock –pid-path=/run/nginx.pid –http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body –http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi –http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy –http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi –http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi –with-debug –with-pcre-jit –with-ipv6 –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_realip_module –with-http_auth_request_module –with-http_addition_module –with-http_dav_module –with-http_geoip_module –with-http_gunzip_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_image_filter_module –with-http_v2_module –with-http_sub_module –with-http_xslt_module –with-stream –with-stream_ssl_module –with-mail –with-mail_ssl_module –with-threads

        and at nginx.conf exists rows :

        http {
        set_real_ip_from 127.0.0.1; #Put the Ip of your varnish/proxy here
        real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For; #Put the Header that your varnish/proxy set
        ……}

        Reply

        • Remove the lines starting with error_log and access_log from the nginx 8080 server block and add them to the 443 server block.

          Reply

  22. I’m getting the following error, my varnish version is 4.1.1:

    ● varnish.service – Varnish HTTP accelerator
    Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/varnish.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
    Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/varnish.service.d
    └─customexec.conf
    Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2017-10-09 17:16:13 GST; 3s ago
    Docs: https://www.varnish-cache.org/docs/4.1/
    man:varnishd
    Process: 9058 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/varnishd -a :80 -T localhost:6082 -f /etc/varnish/default.vcl -S /etc/varnish/secret -s malloc,2
    Main PID: 9058 (code=exited, status=2)

    Oct 09 17:16:13 Magento2-LiveTest varnishd[9058]: Message from VCC-compiler:
    Oct 09 17:16:13 Magento2-LiveTest varnishd[9058]: Unknown variable ‘req.http.’
    Oct 09 17:16:13 Magento2-LiveTest varnishd[9058]: At: (‘/etc/varnish/default.vcl’ Line 78 Pos 15)
    Oct 09 17:16:13 Magento2-LiveTest varnishd[9058]: unset req.http.;
    Oct 09 17:16:13 Magento2-LiveTest varnishd[9058]: ————–#########-
    Oct 09 17:16:13 Magento2-LiveTest varnishd[9058]: Running VCC-compiler failed, exited with 2
    Oct 09 17:16:13 Magento2-LiveTest varnishd[9058]: VCL compilation failed
    Oct 09 17:16:13 Magento2-LiveTest systemd[1]: varnish.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=2/INVALIDARGUMENT
    Oct 09 17:16:13 Magento2-LiveTest systemd[1]: varnish.service: Unit entered failed state.
    Oct 09 17:16:13 Magento2-LiveTest systemd[1]: varnish.service: Failed with result ‘exit-code’.

    Reply

  23. Hi

    Got problem with 503 , but refresh a few time then come back , always like that , pls help

    Error 503 Backend fetch failed

    Backend fetch failed

    Guru Meditation:

    XID: 229444

    Varnish cache server

    Reply

    • Please check the web server log files.

      Please note, our tutorial is tested and it is working, so please follow the instructions closely.

      Reply

  24. Hello. Thank you for the tutorial. I have followed every one of your instructions very closely. The ONLY deviation was that I used a self signed openssl certificate instead of purchasing one; for testing purposes.

    Unfortunately, I am still receiving the same 503 error as everyone else:

    Error 503 Backend fetch failed
    Backend fetch failed
    Guru Meditation:
    XID: 65540
    Varnish cache server

    The nginx error log shows dozens of these reports:

    access forbidden by rule, client: 127.0.0.1, server: [my domain], request: “GET /pub/health_check.php HTTP/1.1”, host: “localhost”

    How can this be fixed?

    Reply

    • Solution: the reason many of us are having this issue is that our Magento versions are, at the current time, Magento 2.2. The tutorial was written several months ago and based on an earlier version. There are two placed in the code where Magento 2.2 needs to be fixed. Please see the article here: https://github.com/magento/magento2/issues/10165 and the solution of “thatwill”. It worked like a charm for me.

      Reply

    • Hello,

      The problem is between Varnish and Nginx. Check the log files for errors.

      Also, you can try the solution at http://devdocs.magento.com/guides/v2.0/config-guide/varnish/tshoot-varnish-503.html.

      Thanks.

      Reply

  25. Hi, has anyone figured out how we can handle multisite setup with this configuration, I ahve multiple stores running as subdomains. They are no longer working now with this architecture. Initially they used to work well on apache setup.

    Reply

    • You can check the official magento documentation about how to set up multiple websites or stores with nginx:
      http://devdocs.magento.com/guides/v2.2/config-guide/multi-site/ms_nginx.html

      Reply

  26. One of my clients followed this blog post and got the same “Error 503 Backend fetch failed” error, so he retained me to resolve it. After some troubleshooting, I found that the varnish.vcl file generated by magento configures a health check for /pub/health_check.php, but the nginx config file on this blog and in /var/www/myMagentoSite.com/nginx.conf.sample denied access to that script. Because of this, varnish thought the origin server was down and thus wouldn’t fetch content from it. The solution was to adjust the nginx config files to allow for varnish to perform the health check.

    Reply

  29. Hi;
    Help me pls,
    nginx: [warn] could not build optimal proxy_headers_hash, you should increase either proxy_headers_hash_max_size: 512 or proxy_headers_hash_bucket_size: 64; ignoring proxy_headers_hash_bucket_size
    nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

    nginx version: nginx/1.14.0 (Ubuntu)
    built with OpenSSL 1.1.0g 2 Nov 2017
    TLS SNI support enabled
    configure arguments: –with-cc-opt=’-g -O2 -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/nginx-FIJPpj/nginx-1.14.0=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2′ –with-ld-opt=’-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fPIC’ –prefix=/usr/share/nginx –conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf –http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log –error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log –lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock –pid-path=/run/nginx.pid –modules-path=/usr/lib/nginx/modules –http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body –http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi –http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy –http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi –http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi –with-debug –with-pcre-jit –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_realip_module –with-http_auth_request_module –with-http_v2_module –with-http_dav_module –with-http_slice_module –with-threads –with-http_addition_module –with-http_geoip_module=dynamic –with-http_gunzip_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic –with-http_sub_module –with-http_xslt_module=dynamic –with-stream=dynamic –with-stream_ssl_module –with-mail=dynamic –with-mail_ssl_module

    /etc/nginx/nginx.conf added
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
    server_names_hash_max_size 512;
    subrequest_output_buffer_size 8k;
    variables_hash_max_size 1024;
    variables_hash_bucket_size 64;

    service nginx reload

    but, return this issue nginx: [warn] could not build optimal proxy_headers_hash, you should increase either proxy_headers_hash_max_size: 512 or proxy_headers_hash_bucket_size: 64; ignoring proxy_headers_hash_bucket_size

    Reply

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