How Early Humans Adapted to Harsh Desert Climates Over a Million Years Ago

Learn more about how Homo erectus may have adapted to dryer, arid conditions before Homo sapiens.

By Monica Cull
Jan 16, 2025 7:15 PM
Selected-stone-tools-from-Engaji-Nanyori
(Credit: Julio Mercader) Selected stone tools from Engaji Nanyori

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The desert is one of the harshest environments to live in. It can be extremely hot during the day and freezing cold at night. There is sparse vegetation and little shade. The terrain is often rough, and to top it all off, there is minimal water. Desert inhabitants must be adaptable to survive these harsh conditions. 

As humans, to thrive in desert life, we must find ways to stay hydrated, stay out of the sun, and find food and shelter. It’s much easier to survive in the desert now, with modern conveniences like houses and bottled water, but it took much more of an effort for our early ancestors. 

Many researchers believe that it was early Homo sapiens that first adapted to life in the desert. However, a new study indicates that hominins may have adapted to desert life much earlier than previously thought.  

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