{"id":20692,"date":"2016-11-07T07:43:54","date_gmt":"2016-11-07T13:43:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/?p=20692"},"modified":"2022-06-03T03:42:33","modified_gmt":"2022-06-03T08:42:33","slug":"linux-log-files","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-log-files\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux Log Files"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"bsf_rt_marker\"><\/div><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24797\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/An-introduction-to-Linux-log-files.jpg\" alt=\"An introduction to Linux log files\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/An-introduction-to-Linux-log-files.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/An-introduction-to-Linux-log-files-150x75.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/An-introduction-to-Linux-log-files-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/An-introduction-to-Linux-log-files-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/An-introduction-to-Linux-log-files-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/An-introduction-to-Linux-log-files-860x430.jpg 860w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/An-introduction-to-Linux-log-files-680x340.jpg 680w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/An-introduction-to-Linux-log-files-500x250.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/An-introduction-to-Linux-log-files-400x200.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/An-introduction-to-Linux-log-files-200x100.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/An-introduction-to-Linux-log-files-50x25.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>We&#8217;ll introduce you to the Linux log files. Before you start with this guide it is recommended that you login to your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/managed-vps-hosting.html\">VPS<\/a> and follow this guide while looking at the files in there, as that is the best way to learn and memorize the things. Learn about the log files when your system is running smoothly as understanding the log files will help you to successfully troubleshoot and fix any problems that might occur later on. Finally, &#8216;Linux log files&#8217; is a pretty extensive topic and it is unlikely to be fully covered in just one article. This article on, Linux log files, can probably serve just as a general guideline. Each application installed on the system has its own logging mechanism so whenever you need application specific information then the application documentation is the best place to look for it.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-663dfa5419c6d\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-663dfa5419c6d\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-log-files\/#1-General-log-files\" title=\"1. General log files\">1. General log files<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-log-files\/#1-Viewing-and-controlling-log-files\" title=\"1. Viewing and controlling log files\">1. Viewing and controlling log files<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-log-files\/#2-cPanel-specific-log-files\" title=\"2. cPanel specific log files\">2. cPanel specific log files<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-log-files\/#3-DirectAdmin-specific-log-files\" title=\"3. DirectAdmin specific log files\">3. DirectAdmin specific log files<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-log-files\/#4-CentOS-specific-log-files\" title=\"4. CentOS specific log files\">4. CentOS specific log files<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-log-files\/#5-Ubuntu-specific-log-files\" title=\"5. Ubuntu specific log files\">5. Ubuntu specific log files<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-log-files\/#6-Arch-Linux-specific-log-files\" title=\"6. Arch Linux specific log files\">6. Arch Linux specific log files<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-General-log-files\"><\/span>1. General log files<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>As a general standard in almost every Linux system, the log files are located in the <code>\/var\/log<\/code> directory. Any other applications that you may later install on your system will probably throw their log messages here. Once you log on your system issue the <code>ls -l \/var\/log<\/code> command to view the contents of this directory.<\/p>\n<p><code>\/var\/log\/messages<\/code> &#8211; Most of the general system messages are logged here including the messages during the system startup.<br \/>\n<code>\/var\/log\/cron<\/code> &#8211; The cron daemon messages are logged here. Started and stoped jobs as well as failure messages.<br \/>\n<code>\/var\/log\/maillog<\/code> or <code>\/var\/log\/mail.log<\/code> &#8211; Log information from the mail server running on the server.<br \/>\n<code>\/var\/log\/wtmp<\/code> &#8211; Contains all login and logout history.<br \/>\n<code>\/var\/log\/btmp<\/code> &#8211; Records failed login attempts.<br \/>\n<code>\/var\/run\/utmp<\/code> &#8211; Logs the present login state of each user.<br \/>\n<code>\/var\/log\/dmesg<\/code> &#8211; This contains very important messages about the kernel ring buffer. In human terms this means that when the kernel spins up it logs all of the information here. The command <code>dmesg<\/code> can be used to view the messages of this file.<br \/>\n<code>\/var\/log\/secure<\/code> &#8211; Security related messages will be stored here. This includes messages from the SSH daemon, failed passwords, nonexistent users etc.<br \/>\n<code>\/var\/log\/mariadb<\/code> &#8211; If <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/mariadb-hosting.html\">MariaDB<\/a> is installed on the system then this is the location where it will throw the logs by default<br \/>\n<code>\/var\/log\/mysql<\/code> &#8211; If the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/mysql-hosting.html\">MySQL<\/a> database is installed this is the default logging directory.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-Viewing-and-controlling-log-files\"><\/span>1. Viewing and controlling log files<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The primary logging Linux daemon is the <code>rsyslogd<\/code> process and its configuration is located <code>\/etc\/rsyslog.conf<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>For all of the plain-text log files, the logs can be viewed with the <code>cat<\/code> command. However, if the log file is very big then you might wish to use the <code>tail<\/code> command which can show only the last part of the log.<\/p>\n<p><code>tail -n 500 \/var\/log\/messages<\/code> &#8211; to view the last 500 entries of the file.<\/p>\n<p>To monitor the logs in real time <code>tail -f<\/code> is also a very useful command which will monitor the messages as they are logged. This is particularly useful when troubleshooting mail flows and mail delivery errors.<br \/>\n<code>tail -f \/var\/log\/maillog<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Some Linux logs are like binary files which need to be parsed by another application specifically tailored for viewing these logs. These logs are stored in\u00a0<code>\/var\/log\/wtmp<\/code> <code>\/var\/log\/btmp<\/code> and <code>\/var\/run\/utmp<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>To view the contents of <code>\/var\/log\/wtmp<\/code> use: <code>last<\/code><br \/>\nTo view the contents of <code>\/var\/log\/btmp<\/code> use: <code>lastb<\/code><br \/>\nTo view the contents of <code>\/var\/run\/utmp<\/code> use: <code>who<\/code><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-cPanel-specific-log-files\"><\/span>2. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/cpanel-hosting.html\">cPanel<\/a> specific log files<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/apache-hosting.html\">Apache log files:<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><code>\/usr\/local\/apache\/logs\/<\/code> &#8211; General Apache logs.<br \/>\n<code>\/usr\/local\/apache\/domlogs\/<\/code> &#8211; Domain specific logs.<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/email-hosting.html\">Exim log files:<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><code>\/var\/log\/exim_mainlog<\/code><br \/>\n<code>\/var\/log\/exim_rejectlog<\/code><\/p>\n<h3>cPanel log files:<\/h3>\n<p><code>\/usr\/local\/cpanel\/logs\/<\/code> &#8211; All of the cPanel related messages are in this location.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-DirectAdmin-specific-log-files\"><\/span>3. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/directadmin-hosting.html\">DirectAdmin<\/a> specific log files<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3>DirectAdmin log files<\/h3>\n<p><code>\/var\/log\/directadmin\/<\/code> &#8211; DirectAdmin related logs.<\/p>\n<h3>Apache log files<\/h3>\n<p><code>\/var\/log\/httpd\/<\/code> &#8211; The Apache web-server are logged into the standard directory.<br \/>\n<code>\/var\/log\/httpd\/domains\/<\/code> &#8211; For all of the other domains the logs are in this sub-directory.<\/p>\n<h3>FTP log files<\/h3>\n<p><code>\/var\/log\/proftpd\/<\/code> &#8211; If ProFTPd is used.<br \/>\n<code>\/var\/log\/pureftpd.log<\/code> &#8211; If PureFTPd is used.<\/p>\n<h3>Exim log files<\/h3>\n<p><code>\/var\/log\/exim\/<\/code> &#8211; Exim mail transfer agent logs are in this directory.<\/p>\n<h3>MySQL log files<\/h3>\n<p><code>\/var\/lib\/mysql\/server.hostname.com.err<\/code> &#8211; This is the logging directory for errors related to the MySQL databases.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-CentOS-specific-log-files\"><\/span>4. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/centos-hosting.html\">CentOS<\/a> specific log files<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><code>\/var\/log\/yum.log<\/code> &#8211; Logs from the Yum package manager.<br \/>\n<code>\/var\/log\/httpd<\/code> &#8211; On CentOS\/RedHat based systems this is where the Apache web-server will store the logs by default.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-Ubuntu-specific-log-files\"><\/span>5. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/ubuntu-hosting.html\">Ubuntu<\/a> specific log files<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><code>\/var\/log\/apache2\/<\/code> &#8211; On the Ubuntu systems the Apache web-server logs are stored in this directory.<br \/>\n<code>\/var\/log\/apt\/<\/code> &#8211; Logs from the Ubuntu&#8217;s package management.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6-Arch-Linux-specific-log-files\"><\/span>6. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/arch-linux-vps.html\">Arch Linux<\/a> specific log files<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><code>\/var\/log\/pacman<\/code> &#8211; Pacman package manager logs on the Arch Linux distros.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>If you have any questions regarding, Linux Log Files, feel free to comment below or sign up for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/hosting-services.html\">our hosting services<\/a> and contact our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/support.html\">EPIC Support Team<\/a>. They are available 24\/7 and they will take care of your request immediately. As an alternative, you may also want to read <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-deal-with-huge-log-files-in-linux\/\">How to Deal with Huge (and Growing) Log Files in Linux<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>PS<\/strong><\/span>. If you liked this introductory post about Linux Log Files, please share it with your friends on the social networks using the sharing buttons or simply leave a reply below. Thanks.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We&#8217;ll introduce you to the Linux log files. Before you start with this guide it is recommended that you login &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Linux Log Files\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-log-files\/#more-20692\" aria-label=\"Read more about Linux Log Files\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":24797,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1236],"tags":[1439],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Linux Log Files - RoseHosting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Linux Log Files - RoseHosting\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/linux-log-files\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Linux Log Files - 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