{"id":48175,"date":"2024-05-06T12:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-06T17:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/?p=48175"},"modified":"2024-04-29T02:43:51","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T07:43:51","slug":"chroot-linux-commands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/chroot-linux-commands\/","title":{"rendered":"Chroot Linux command with examples"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"bsf_rt_marker\"><\/div>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/chroot-command-with-examples-on-linux.webp\" alt=\"Chroot command with examples on Linux\" class=\"wp-image-48391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/chroot-command-with-examples-on-linux.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/chroot-command-with-examples-on-linux-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/chroot-command-with-examples-on-linux-150x84.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/chroot-command-with-examples-on-linux-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This tutorial will explain the chroot Linux command using real examples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <b>chroot<\/b> Linux command is a shorthand for &#8220;change root&#8221;. We use it to change the apparent root directory for a running process and its children. Chroot runs a command with a specified root directory and is executed by the superuser, commonly known as the root user on many Linux systems. In the following paragraphs, we will explain the syntax of the command, describe the options within the command in more detail, and show you real-life examples used daily by Linux system administrators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-663c00dcd56a9\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-663c00dcd56a9\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/chroot-linux-commands\/#Prerequisites\" title=\"Prerequisites\">Prerequisites<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/chroot-linux-commands\/#Chroot-Linux-Syntax\" title=\"Chroot Linux Syntax\">Chroot Linux Syntax<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/chroot-linux-commands\/#Chroot-Linux-Options\" title=\"Chroot Linux Options\">Chroot Linux Options<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/chroot-linux-commands\/#Chroot-Linux-Examples\" title=\"Chroot Linux Examples\">Chroot Linux Examples<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prerequisites\"><\/span>Prerequisites<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>A server running Ubuntu 22.04 or any Linux OS (CentOS, Debian, or AlmaLinux)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>User privileges: root or non-root user with sudo privileges<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chroot-Linux-Syntax\"><\/span>Chroot Linux Syntax<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The syntax of the <b>chroot<\/b> command is the following one:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">chroot option newroot [command [args]\u2026]<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Chroot changes the root directory to the <b>newroot<\/b> directory on the server, which must exist. It then changes the working directory to <b>\/<\/b> and finally runs the command with optional arguments. We go over this in more detail in the following paragraphs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chroot-Linux-Options\"><\/span>Chroot Linux Options<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The chroot command accepts a couple of options:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><b>&#8211;groups=groups<\/b>: The group option overrides the supplementary group used by the new process. If we want to disable the supplementary group, we need to use &#8211;groups=&#8221; and separate them by commas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>&#8211;userspec=user[:group]<\/b>: This option is to run the command with a different user and\/or with a different group. If the user is specified, then the groups are set according to the system-defined list for that user.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>&#8211;skip-chdir<\/b>: Using this option will not change the working directory to <b>\/<\/b> after changing the root directory to <b>newroot<\/b> inside the chroot. Remember that this option is permitted only when the <b>newroot<\/b> is some old directory on the server.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chroot-Linux-Examples\"><\/span>Chroot Linux Examples<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We already mentioned in the previous paragraphs that <b>chroot<\/b> changes the root directory of the running process with its children. It is good to know, that this modifies the environment of the process and the process can not access the files outside the root directory. This modified directory is called <b>chroot jailed<\/b> directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s proceed with a real example and create a new jailed root directory on our server located in the <b>home<\/b> directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">mkdir -p \/home\/jail\/<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Once the directory is created, we have to create a couple of directories from the <b>\/<\/b> directory. Let&#8217;s first list the content of <b>\/<\/b> directory:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ls -al \/<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>You should receive the following output:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">root@host:\/# ls -al \/\ntotal 76\ndrwxr-xr-x  20 root root  4096 Mar  2 04:13 .\ndrwxr-xr-x  20 root root  4096 Mar  2 04:13 ..\nlrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     7 Aug  9  2023 <b>bin -&gt; usr\/bin<\/b>\ndrwxr-xr-x   3 root root  4096 Mar  2 04:12 boot\ndr-xr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Aug 10  2023 cdrom\ndrwxr-xr-x  19 root root  3960 Mar  2 08:29 dev\ndrwxr-xr-x 107 root root  4096 Mar  2 04:14 etc\ndrwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Jan 16 04:29 home\nlrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     7 Aug  9  2023 lib -&gt; usr\/lib\nlrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     9 Aug  9  2023 lib32 -&gt; usr\/lib32\nlrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     9 Aug  9  2023 <b>lib64 -&gt; usr\/lib64<\/b>\nlrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    10 Aug  9  2023 libx32 -&gt; usr\/libx32\ndrwx------   2 root root 16384 Jan 16 04:22 lost+found\ndrwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Aug  9  2023 media\ndrwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Aug  9  2023 mnt\ndrwxr-xr-x   3 root root  4096 Mar  4 08:15 opt\ndr-xr-xr-x 172 root root     0 Mar  2 08:29 proc\ndrwx------   6 root root  4096 Mar  4 07:55 root\ndrwxr-xr-x  31 root root   920 Mar  4 08:16 run\nlrwxrwxrwx   1 root root     8 Aug  9  2023 sbin -&gt; usr\/sbin\ndrwxr-xr-x   6 root root  4096 Aug  9  2023 snap\ndrwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Aug  9  2023 srv\ndr-xr-xr-x  13 root root     0 Mar  2 08:29 sys\ndrwxrwxrwt  13 root root  4096 Mar  4 08:09 <b>tmp<\/b>\ndrwxr-xr-x  14 root root  4096 Aug  9  2023 usr\ndrwxr-xr-x  14 root root  4096 Mar  2 04:13 var\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, let&#8217;s choose one directory from this list, for example, <b>bin<\/b>, and create it into the new jailed root:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">mkdir -p \/home\/jail\/bin\/<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>After creation, copy <b>bash<\/b> from <b>\/bin<\/b> to the new jail root <b>\/home\/jail\/bin\/<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -Waq \/bin\/bash \/home\/jail\/bin<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">Next is to copy the required libraries into the \/home\/jail\/. To check those libraries execute the following command:<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ldd \/bin\/bash<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Copy them into the \/home\/jail\/lib64\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">rsync -Waq \/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/libtinfo.so.6 \/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/libc.so.6 \/lib64\/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 \/home\/jail\/lib64<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Next is to chroot to the new jailed directory:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">chroot \/home\/jail\/ \/bin\/bash<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>That&#8217;s it. Now, the user sees the \/home\/jail directory as its root directory. Of course, you do not have to create jailed roots alone. Sign up for one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/nvme-hosting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">NVMe VPS plans<\/a> and submit a support ticket. Our admins will help you with any aspect of this. Feel free to contact us. We are available 24\/7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PS. If you liked this post about the chroot Linux commands with examples, please share it with your friends on social networks or comment in the comments section. Thank you.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This tutorial will explain the chroot Linux command using real examples. The chroot Linux command is a shorthand for &#8220;change &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Chroot Linux command with examples\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/chroot-linux-commands\/#more-48175\" aria-label=\"Read more about Chroot Linux command with examples\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":48391,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2071],"tags":[168,105],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Chroot Linux command with examples - RoseHosting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Understand the Chroot Linux command. 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Helping other Linux admins with frequent Linux and business-related blog posts on the RoseHosting blog. Techie by choice. Loving nature and travel. Happily married and father of two lovely children.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\",\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rosehosting.helpdesk\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/author\/jwilson\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Chroot Linux command with examples - RoseHosting","description":"Understand the Chroot Linux command. 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