{"id":36343,"date":"2021-05-05T12:30:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-05T17:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/?p=36343"},"modified":"2022-06-03T03:31:40","modified_gmt":"2022-06-03T08:31:40","slug":"how-to-rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20-04\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Rewrite URLs with mod_rewrite for Apache on Ubuntu 20.04"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"bsf_rt_marker\"><\/div>\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"742\" height=\"372\" class=\"wp-image-36949\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/how-to-rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20.04.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/how-to-rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20.04.jpg 742w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/how-to-rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20.04-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/how-to-rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20.04-150x75.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 742px) 100vw, 742px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-36951\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20.04.png\" alt=\"rewrite urls with mod_rewrite for apache on ubuntu 20.04\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20.04.png 200w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20.04-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The mod_rewrite is an Apache module that uses a rule-based rewriting engine. It is used for translating and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-redirect-a-domain\/\">redirecting the requested URL to a new URL<\/a>. It allows a URL to be changed dynamically. So the visitor never sees the URL change in the address bar. With mod_rewrite, you can rewrite an unlimited number of rules. This will allow you to rewrite the URL based on environment variables, HTTP headers, and server variables.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>In this post, we will show how to use mod_rewrite to rewrite the URL for Apache on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/ubuntu-hosting\/\">Ubuntu VPS<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-663649a9348e8\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-663649a9348e8\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20-04\/#Prerequisites\" title=\"Prerequisites\">Prerequisites<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20-04\/#Step-1-Log-in-to-the-Server-Update-the-Server-OS-Packages\" title=\"Step 1: Log in to the Server &amp; Update the Server OS Packages\">Step 1: Log in to the Server &amp; Update the Server OS Packages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20-04\/#Step-2-Install-Apache-Web-Server\" title=\"Step 2: Install Apache Web Server\">Step 2: Install Apache Web Server<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20-04\/#Step-3-Enable-mod-rewrite\" title=\"Step 3: Enable mod_rewrite\">Step 3: Enable mod_rewrite<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20-04\/#Step-4-Enable-htaccess-Files\" title=\"Step 4: Enable .htaccess Files\">Step 4: Enable .htaccess Files<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20-04\/#Step-5-Configure-URL-Rewrites\" title=\"Step 5: Configure URL Rewrites\">Step 5: Configure URL Rewrites<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-prerequisites\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prerequisites\"><\/span>Prerequisites<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Ubuntu 20.04 VPS (we\u2019ll be using our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/managed-vps-hosting\/\">NVMe 2 VPS plan<\/a>)<\/li>\r\n<li>Access to the root user account (or access to an admin account with root privileges)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-step-1-log-in-to-the-server-update-the-server-os-packages\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step-1-Log-in-to-the-Server-Update-the-Server-OS-Packages\"><\/span>Step 1: Log in to the Server &amp; Update the Server OS Packages<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>First, log in to your Ubuntu 20.04 server via SSH as the root user:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">ssh root@IP_Address -p Port_number<\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>You must replace &#8216;IP_Address&#8217; and &#8216;Port_number&#8217; with your server&#8217;s respective IP address and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-and-why-to-change-the-default-ssh-port-on-linux\/\">SSH port<\/a> number. Also, you should replace &#8216;root&#8217; with the username of the admin account if needed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Before we begin the installation, we should make sure that all the Ubuntu OS packages installed on the server are updated. You can do this by running the following commands:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">apt-get update -y\r\napt-get upgrade -y<\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-step-2-install-apache-web-server\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step-2-Install-Apache-Web-Server\"><\/span>Step 2: Install Apache Web Server<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Before you start, make sure that Apache webserver package is installed in your system. If not installed, you can install it with the following command:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">apt-get install apache2 -y<\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Once the package is installed, start the Apache service with the following command:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">systemctl start apache2<\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Next, open your web browser and type the URL<strong> http:\/\/your-server-ip<\/strong> to verify the Apache webserver. If everything is fine, you should see the Apache test page:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"581\" class=\"wp-image-36952\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20.04.png\" alt=\"mod_rewrite for apache on ubuntu 20.04\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20.04.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20.04-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20.04-150x85.png 150w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20.04-768x436.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-step-3-enable-mod_rewrite\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step-3-Enable-mod-rewrite\"><\/span>Step 3: Enable mod_rewrite<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>By default, the mod_rewrite module is installed with the Apache package but it is disabled. So you will need to enable it first.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>You can enable it with the following command:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">a2enmod rewrite<\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Next, restart the Apache service to apply the changes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Next, verify the Apache mod_rewrite module with the following command:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">apache2ctl -M | grep rewrite_module<\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>You should get the following output:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"> rewrite_module (shared)\r\n<\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-step-4-enable-htaccess-files\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step-4-Enable-htaccess-Files\"><\/span>Step 4: Enable .htaccess Files<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>You can set up rewrite rules directly in the Apache main configuration file. However, it is recommended to write rules in the .htaccess file inside each website.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>By default, Apache does not allow to use .htaccess file. So you will need to enable the .htaccess file in your default virtual host configuration file.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>To do so, edit the Apache default virtual host configuration file:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/000-default.conf<\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Add the following lines before the line :<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">&lt;Directory \/var\/www\/html&gt;\r\n        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews\r\n        AllowOverride All\r\n        Require all granted\r\n&lt;\/Directory&gt;\r\n<\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Make sure to Save and close the file then restart the Apache service to apply the changes:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">systemctl restart apache2<\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-step-5-configure-url-rewrites\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step-5-Configure-URL-Rewrites\"><\/span>Step 5: Configure URL Rewrites<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>To understand how URL rewrites work, we will create a home.html page in the Apache document root directory. We will then setup a basic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20-04\/\">URL rewrite<\/a> that will allows to access the page http:\/\/your-server-ip\/home and convert it to the actual page path http:\/\/your-server-ip\/home.html.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>First, let&#8217;s create a home.html page:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">nano \/var\/www\/html\/home.html<\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Add the following contents:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">&lt;html&gt;\r\n    &lt;head&gt;\r\n        &lt;title&gt;Home&lt;\/title&gt;\r\n    &lt;\/head&gt;\r\n    &lt;body&gt;\r\n        &lt;h1&gt;Home Page&lt;\/h1&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;h2&gt;This is my home page&lt;\/h2&gt;\r\n    &lt;\/body&gt;\r\n&lt;\/html&gt;\r\n<\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Save and close the file when you are finished.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Next, create a .htaccess file inside the default document root directory of the website to test mod_rewrite.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">nano \/var\/www\/html\/.htaccess<\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>First, add the following line to enable the rewrite engine:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">RewriteEngine on\r\n<\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Next, add the following rewrite rule that redirects visitors to home.html if they request the page http:\/\/your-server-ip\/home.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">RewriteRule ^home$ home.html [NC]\r\n<\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Save and close the file when you are finished.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>A brief explanation of rewrite rule syntax is shown below:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><strong>^ <\/strong>This will match any text after the server IP address.<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>$<\/strong> This will indicates the end of the URL.<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>home<\/strong> This will match the actual string home<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>home.html<\/strong> This will define the actual file that the visitor accesses.<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>[NC]<\/strong> This will makes the rule case insensitive.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>You can now visit the home page at <strong>http:\/\/your-server-ip\/home<\/strong> on your web browser. Apache will redirect to the page home.html as shown below:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"989\" height=\"466\" class=\"wp-image-36349\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/instructional-guide-on-how-to-rewrite-urlss-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20.04.png\" alt=\"instructional guide on how to rewrite urlss with mod_rewrite for apache on ubuntu 20.04\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/instructional-guide-on-how-to-rewrite-urlss-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20.04.png 989w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/instructional-guide-on-how-to-rewrite-urlss-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20.04-300x141.png 300w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/instructional-guide-on-how-to-rewrite-urlss-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20.04-150x71.png 150w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/instructional-guide-on-how-to-rewrite-urlss-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20.04-768x362.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 989px) 100vw, 989px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Of course, you don&#8217;t have to do any of this if you use one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/what-is-linux-vps-hosting\/\">Linux VPS Hosting<\/a> services, in which case you can simply ask our expert Linux admins to set up this for you. They are available 24\u00d77 and will take care of your request immediately.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>PS. If you liked this post please share it with your friends on the social networks using the buttons on the left or simply leave a reply below. Thanks.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The mod_rewrite is an Apache module that uses a rule-based rewriting engine. It is used for translating and redirecting the &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"How to Rewrite URLs with mod_rewrite for Apache on Ubuntu 20.04\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-20-04\/#more-36343\" aria-label=\"Read more about How to Rewrite URLs with mod_rewrite for Apache on Ubuntu 20.04\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":36949,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1236,4,21,1698],"tags":[37,19,1152,59,1839],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to Rewrite URLs with mod_rewrite for Apache on Ubuntu 20.04<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Looking for a tutorial on How to Rewrite URLs with mod_rewrite for Apache on Ubuntu 20.04? 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