{"id":21774,"date":"2017-03-21T08:35:34","date_gmt":"2017-03-21T13:35:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/?p=21774"},"modified":"2022-06-03T03:42:15","modified_gmt":"2022-06-03T08:42:15","slug":"how-to-manage-processes-in-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Manage Processes in Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"bsf_rt_marker\"><\/div><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24921\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux.jpg\" alt=\"How to Manage Processes in Linux\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux-150x75.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux-860x430.jpg 860w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux-680x340.jpg 680w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux-500x250.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux-400x200.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux-200x100.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux-50x25.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>We&#8217;ll show you, How to Manage Processes in Linux. A process is the abstraction used by the Linux operating system to represent a running program. Each process in Linux consists of an address space and a set of data structures within the server kernel. The address space contains the code and libraries that the process is executing, the process variables, its stacks, and different additional information needed by the kernel while the process is running.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><br \/>\n<strong>PID<\/strong> is a unique ID number named and it is assigned by the kernel to every process. PIDs are assigned in order as processes are created.<\/p>\n<p><strong>UID<\/strong> is a user identification number of the person who created it.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>EUID<\/strong> is the &#8216;effective&#8217; user ID, used to determine what resources and files a process has permission to access at any given moment. In general, the UID and EUID are the same, except for the programs that are setuid.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>GID<\/strong> is the group identification number of a process. The EGID is related to the GID in the same way that the EUID is related to the UID. In short, a process can be a member of many groups at once.<\/p>\n<p>Listed below are some basic commands to manage processes in Linux:<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-663e06fb00cd2\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-663e06fb00cd2\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#1-ps-Command-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux\" title=\"1. ps\u00a0Command to Manage Processes in Linux\">1. ps\u00a0Command to Manage Processes in Linux<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#2-pstree-%E2%80%93-Command-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux\" title=\"2. pstree &#8211; Command to Manage Processes in Linux\">2. pstree &#8211; Command to Manage Processes in Linux<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#3-top-%E2%80%93-Command-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux\" title=\"3. top &#8211; Command to Manage Processes in Linux\">3. top &#8211; Command to Manage Processes in Linux<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#4-kill-%E2%80%93-Command-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux\" title=\"4. kill &#8211;\u00a0Command to Manage Processes in Linux\">4. kill &#8211;\u00a0Command to Manage Processes in Linux<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#5-ctrl-z-%E2%80%93-Command-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux\" title=\"5.\u00a0ctrl + z\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Command to Manage Processes in Linux\">5.\u00a0ctrl + z\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Command to Manage Processes in Linux<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#6-jobs-%E2%80%93-Command-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux\" title=\"6. jobs &#8211;\u00a0Command to Manage Processes in Linux\">6. jobs &#8211;\u00a0Command to Manage Processes in Linux<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#7-fg-%E2%80%93-Command-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux\" title=\"7. fg &#8211;\u00a0Command to Manage Processes in Linux\">7. fg &#8211;\u00a0Command to Manage Processes in Linux<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-ps-Command-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux\"><\/span>1. ps\u00a0Command to Manage Processes in Linux<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>It is one of the essential Linux system administrator commands used for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/basic-system-monitoring-tools-in-centos-7\/\">monitoring processes<\/a>. While different versions of ps differ in their arguments and display, they all deliver the same information. The output of the ps command can show the PID, UID, priority, and control terminal of processes. It also gives information about how much CPU time it has consumed, how much memory a process is using, and its current status (state).<\/p>\n<p>Process states codes:<\/p>\n<p><strong>R<\/strong> &#8211; running &#8211; the process is running\/can be executed.<br \/>\n<strong>D<\/strong> &#8211; uninterruptible sleep<br \/>\n<strong>S<\/strong> &#8211; interruptible sleep &#8211; the process is waiting for some event to complete<br \/>\n<strong>T<\/strong> &#8211; Traced or stopped<br \/>\n<strong>Z<\/strong> &#8211; Zombie &#8211; defunct process, a terminated process but still hanging around in kernel process table because the parent of this process has still not fetched the termination status of this process.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s an example of ps aux output on a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/centos-hosting.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CentOS 7 VPS<\/a> with cPanel installed on it:<\/p>\n<pre> # ps aux\r\n\r\nUSER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND\r\nroot         1  0.0  0.1 129180  3584 ?        Ss   Mar16   1:44 init -z\r\nroot         2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    Mar16   0:00 [kthreadd\/2172]\r\nroot         3  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    Mar16   0:00 [khelper\/2172]\r\nroot        59  0.0  0.4  36920  8508 ?        Ss   Mar16   0:09 \/usr\/lib\/systemd\/systemd-journald\r\nroot        60  0.0  0.0  41880  1680 ?        Ss   Mar16   0:00 \/usr\/lib\/systemd\/systemd-udevd\r\ndbus        96  0.0  0.0  24348  1712 ?        Ss   Mar16   0:07 \/bin\/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation\r\nroot        97  0.0  0.1 148184  3168 ?        Ss   Mar16   0:00 pure-ftpd (SERVER)\r\nmysql       99  0.0  0.0 113204  1588 ?        Ss   Mar16   0:00 \/bin\/sh \/usr\/bin\/mysqld_safe\r\nroot       103  0.0  0.0  22232  1576 ?        Ss   Mar16   0:03 \/usr\/lib\/systemd\/systemd-logind\r\nroot       108  0.0  0.0  14536  1624 ?        Ss   Mar16   0:01 \/usr\/sbin\/dovecot -F -c \/etc\/dovecot\/dovecot.conf\r\nroot       115  0.0  0.0 145660  1920 ?        Ss   Mar16   0:00 \/usr\/sbin\/pure-authd -s \/var\/run\/ftpd.sock -r \/usr\/local\/cpanel\/bin\/pureauth\r\nroot       121  0.0  0.0  24236  2072 ?        Ss   Mar16   0:00 \/usr\/sbin\/smartd -n -q never\r\nnscd       126  0.0  0.1 1059752 2116 ?        Ssl  Mar16   0:05 \/usr\/sbin\/nscd\r\nroot       132  0.0  0.0  82476  1332 ?        Ss   Mar16   0:00 \/usr\/sbin\/sshd\r\nroot       133  0.0  0.3 308544  7972 ?        Ssl  Mar16   0:00 \/usr\/sbin\/rsyslogd -n\r\nroot       146  0.0  0.0 124308  1532 ?        Ss   Mar16   0:00 \/usr\/sbin\/crond -n\r\nroot       148  0.0  0.0   4488   736 tty2     Ss+  Mar16   0:00 \/sbin\/agetty --noclear tty2 linux\r\nroot       149  0.0  0.0 108076   776 tty1     Ss+  Mar16   0:00 \/sbin\/agetty --noclear --keep-baud console 115200 38400 9600 vt220\r\nroot       150  0.0  0.0  24096   980 ?        Ss   Mar16   0:00 \/usr\/sbin\/atd -f\r\ndovenull   159  0.0  0.1  43392  3588 ?        S    Mar16   0:00 dovecot\/pop3-login\r\ndovenull   160  0.0  0.1  43536  3844 ?        S    Mar16   0:00 dovecot\/imap-login\r\ndovecot    161  0.0  0.0   9568  1192 ?        S    Mar16   0:00 dovecot\/anvil\r\nroot       162  0.0  0.0   9700  1376 ?        S    Mar16   0:00 dovecot\/log\r\ndovenull   164  0.0  0.1  43536  3880 ?        S    Mar16   0:00 dovecot\/pop3-login\r\ndovenull   165  0.0  0.1  43400  3608 ?        S    Mar16   0:00 dovecot\/imap-login\r\nroot       170  0.0  0.1  10908  2336 ?        S    Mar16   0:01 dovecot\/config\r\nroot       295  0.0  1.1 165248 23448 ?        S    Mar16   0:06 queueprocd - wait to process a task\r\nmysql      407  0.0  2.2 706500 47848 ?        Sl   Mar16   2:20 \/usr\/sbin\/mysqld --basedir=\/usr --datadir=\/var\/lib\/mysql --plugin-dir=\/usr\/lib64\/mysql\/plugin --log-error=\/var\/lib\/mysql\/vps.err --open-files-limit=10000 --pid-file=\/var\/li\r\nroot       410  0.0  0.9 501748 20392 ?        Ss   Mar16   0:05 \/usr\/sbin\/httpd -k start\r\nroot       412  0.0  0.7  55208 15124 ?        S    Mar16   0:00 \/usr\/local\/cpanel\/3rdparty\/bin\/perl \/usr\/local\/cpanel\/bin\/leechprotect\r\nnobody     429  0.0  0.5 502120 10552 ?        S    Mar16   0:00 \/usr\/sbin\/httpd -k start\r\nnobody     430  0.0  0.5 502024 10528 ?        S    Mar16   0:00 \/usr\/sbin\/httpd -k start\r\nnobody     431  0.0  0.5 502024 10536 ?        S    Mar16   0:00 \/usr\/sbin\/httpd -k start\r\nnobody     432  0.0  0.5 502024 10568 ?        S    Mar16   0:00 \/usr\/sbin\/httpd -k start\r\nnobody     433  0.0  0.5 502024 10580 ?        S    Mar16   0:00 \/usr\/sbin\/httpd -k start\r\nroot       582  0.0  0.1  26848  3212 ?        S    Mar16   0:02 cpsrvd (SSL) - dormant mode - accepting  --llu=1489749164 --listen=10,11,12,4,5,6,7,8,9\r\nnamed      596  0.0  1.0 248500 20988 ?        Ssl  Mar16   0:47 \/usr\/sbin\/named -u named\r\nroot       636  0.0  0.1 130088  2620 ?        Ss   Mar16   0:00 dnsadmin - dormant mode                    --listen=3\r\nroot       639  0.0  0.1 130448  2212 ?        S    Mar16   0:00 cpdavd - accepting connections on 2077, 2078, 2079, and 2080 (dormant)\r\nroot       641  0.0  0.1 129796  2368 ?        S    Mar16   0:04 cPhulkd - processor - dormant mode - acce --listen=3\r\nroot       644  0.0  0.1  26496  2384 ?        SN   Mar16   0:00 cpanellogd - sleeping for logs\r\nroot       656  0.0  1.1 104032 24496 ?        S    Mar16   0:03 tailwatchd\r\nmailnull   818  0.0  0.2  77552  4672 ?        Ss   Mar16   0:00 \/usr\/sbin\/exim -ps -bd -q1h -oP \/var\/spool\/exim\/exim-daemon.pid\r\nnobody    2660  0.0  0.4 502016 10396 ?        S    Mar16   0:00 \/usr\/sbin\/httpd -k start\r\nroot      7500  0.9  4.7 225200 100212 ?       Ss   Mar16  29:01 \/usr\/local\/cpanel\/3rdparty\/perl\/524\/bin\/perl -T -w \/usr\/local\/cpanel\/3rdparty\/bin\/spamd --max-spare=1 --max-children=3 --allowed-ips=127.0.0.1,::1 --pidfile=\/var\/run\/spamd.\r\nroot     17897  0.2  4.6 225880 97464 ?        S    09:37   0:00 spamd child\r\ndovecot  17905  0.0  0.1  32188  2388 ?        S    09:37   0:00 dovecot\/auth\r\nroot     17937  0.0  0.0   9564  1096 ?        S    09:37   0:00 dovecot\/ssl-params\r\nroot     17993  0.0  0.0 113420  1960 pts\/0    Ss   09:38   0:00 -bash\r\nroot     18019  0.0  0.0 149096  1772 pts\/0    R+   09:38   0:00 ps aux<\/pre>\n<p>A short explanation of &#8216;ps aux&#8217; output:<br \/>\nUSER &#8211; Username of the process\u2019s owner<br \/>\nPID -Process ID<br \/>\n%CPU &#8211; Percentage of the CPU a specific process is using<br \/>\n%MEM &#8211; Percentage of real memory a specific process is using<br \/>\nVSZ &#8211; Virtual size of the process<br \/>\nRSS &#8211; Resident set size (number of pages in memory)<br \/>\nTTY &#8211; Control terminal ID<br \/>\nSTAT &#8211; Current process status<br \/>\nSTART &#8211; Time the command started<br \/>\nTIME &#8211; CPU time the process has consumed<br \/>\nCOMMAND &#8211; Command name and arguments<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-pstree-%E2%80%93-Command-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux\"><\/span>2. pstree &#8211; Command to Manage Processes in Linux<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The pstree command displays processes in a tree format:<\/p>\n<pre># pstree\r\nsystemd\u2500\u252c\u25002*[agetty]\r\n        \u251c\u2500atd\r\n        \u251c\u2500cPhulkd - proce\r\n        \u251c\u2500cpanellogd - sl\r\n        \u251c\u2500cpdavd - accept\r\n        \u251c\u2500cpsrvd (SSL) -\r\n        \u251c\u2500crond\r\n        \u251c\u2500dbus-daemon\r\n        \u251c\u2500dnsadmin - dorm\r\n        \u251c\u2500dovecot\u2500\u252c\u2500anvil\r\n        \u2502         \u251c\u2500config\r\n        \u2502         \u251c\u25002*[imap-login]\r\n        \u2502         \u251c\u2500log\r\n        \u2502         \u251c\u25002*[pop3-login]\r\n        \u2502         \u2514\u2500ssl-params\r\n        \u251c\u2500exim\r\n        \u251c\u2500httpd\u2500\u252c\u25006*[httpd]\r\n        \u2502       \u2514\u2500leechprotect\r\n        \u251c\u2500kthreadd\/2172\u2500\u2500\u2500khelper\/2172\r\n        \u251c\u2500mysqld_safe\u2500\u2500\u2500mysqld\u2500\u2500\u250016*[{mysqld}]\r\n        \u251c\u2500named\u2500\u2500\u25004*[{named}]\r\n        \u251c\u2500nscd\u2500\u2500\u250011*[{nscd}]\r\n        \u251c\u2500pure-authd\r\n        \u251c\u2500pure-ftpd\r\n        \u251c\u2500queueprocd - wa\r\n        \u251c\u2500rsyslogd\u2500\u2500\u25002*[{rsyslogd}]\r\n        \u251c\u2500smartd\r\n        \u251c\u2500spamd-dormant:\r\n        \u251c\u2500sshd\r\n        \u251c\u2500systemd-journal\r\n        \u251c\u2500systemd-logind\r\n        \u251c\u2500systemd-udevd\r\n        \u2514\u2500tailwatchd<\/pre>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-top-%E2%80%93-Command-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux\"><\/span>3. top &#8211; Command to Manage Processes in Linux<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Another way to find out what processes are running on your server:<\/p>\n<pre>top - 09:54:45 up 2 days,  8:44,  0 users,  load average: 0.03, 0.02, 0.00\r\nTasks:  50 total,   1 running,  49 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie\r\n%Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  0.2 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.8 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st\r\nKiB Mem :  2097152 total,   316648 free,   379764 used,  1400740 buff\/cache\r\nKiB Swap:        0 total,        0 free,        0 used.  1551658 avail Mem\r\n\r\n  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND\r\n 7500 root      20   0  225060  99964   5132 S   0.3  4.8  29:10.67 spamd\r\n    1 root      20   0  129180   3584   2312 S   0.0  0.2   1:44.80 systemd\r\n    2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kthreadd\/2172\r\n    3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.13 khelper\/2172\r\n   59 root      20   0   36920   8580   8272 S   0.0  0.4   0:09.38 systemd-journal\r\n   60 root      20   0   41880   1680   1248 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.01 systemd-udevd\r\n   96 dbus      20   0   24348   1712   1324 S   0.0  0.1   0:07.29 dbus-daemon\r\n   97 root      20   0  148184   3168   2420 S   0.0  0.2   0:00.28 pure-ftpd\r\n   99 mysql     20   0  113204   1588   1292 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.01 mysqld_safe\r\n  103 root      20   0   22232   1576   1296 S   0.0  0.1   0:03.88 systemd-logind\r\n  108 root      20   0   14536   1624   1296 S   0.0  0.1   0:01.26 dovecot\r\n  115 root      20   0  145660   1920   1412 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.25 pure-authd\r\n  121 root      20   0   24236   2072   1572 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.04 smartd\r\n  126 nscd      20   0 1059752   2116   1340 S   0.0  0.1   0:05.45 nscd\r\n  132 root      20   0   82476   1332    468 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.00 sshd\r\n  133 root      20   0  308544   8036   7440 S   0.0  0.4   0:00.71 rsyslogd\r\n  146 root      20   0  124308   1532    920 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.74 crond\r\n  148 root      20   0    4488    736    636 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 agetty\r\n  149 root      20   0  108076    776    676 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 agetty\r\n  150 root      20   0   24096    980    792 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 atd\r\n  159 dovenull  20   0   43392   3588   2712 S   0.0  0.2   0:00.05 pop3-login\r\n  160 dovenull  20   0   43536   3844   2892 S   0.0  0.2   0:00.44 imap-login\r\n  161 dovecot   20   0    9568   1192   1008 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.20 anvil\r\n  162 root      20   0    9700   1376   1032 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.43 log\r\n  164 dovenull  20   0   43536   3880   2920 S   0.0  0.2   0:00.27 pop3-login\r\n  165 dovenull  20   0   43400   3608   2732 S   0.0  0.2   0:00.09 imap-login\r\n  170 root      20   0   10908   2336   1180 S   0.0  0.1   0:01.85 config\r\n  295 root      20   0  165248  23448   1896 S   0.0  1.1   0:06.60 queueprocd - wa\r\n  407 mysql     20   0  706500  47848   6072 S   0.0  2.3   2:21.26 mysqld\r\n  410 root      20   0  501748  20392  13044 S   0.0  1.0   0:05.61 httpd\r\n  412 root      20   0   55208  15124   2156 S   0.0  0.7   0:00.16 leechprotect\r\n  429 nobody    20   0  502120  10552   2908 S   0.0  0.5   0:00.42 httpd\r\n  430 nobody    20   0  502024  10528   2904 S   0.0  0.5   0:00.47 httpd\r\n  431 nobody    20   0  502024  10536   2912 S   0.0  0.5   0:00.45 httpd\r\n  432 nobody    20   0  502024  10568   2940 S   0.0  0.5   0:00.41 httpd\r\n  433 nobody    20   0  502024  10580   2960 S   0.0  0.5   0:00.52 httpd\r\n  582 root      20   0   26848   3212   2000 S   0.0  0.2   0:02.02 cpsrvd (SSL) -\r\n  596 named     20   0  248500  20988   2876 S   0.0  1.0   0:47.43 named\r\n  636 root      20   0  130088   2620   1824 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.31 dnsadmin - dorm\r\n  639 root      20   0  130448   2212    976 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.40 cpdavd - accept\r\n  641 root      20   0  129796   2368   1752 S   0.0  0.1   0:04.45 cPhulkd - proce\r\n  644 root      38  18   26496   2384   1376 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.60 cpanellogd - sl\r\n  656 root      20   0  104032  24496   1604 S   0.0  1.2   0:03.73 tailwatchd\r\n  818 mailnull  20   0   77552   4672    800 S   0.0  0.2   0:00.57 exim\r\n 2660 nobody    20   0  502016  10396   2784 S   0.0  0.5   0:00.38 httpd\r\n17993 root      20   0  113420   1968   1608 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.01 bash\r\n18317 root      20   0  225888  97340   1664 S   0.0  4.6   0:00.15 spamd child\r\n18325 dovecot   20   0   32188   2384   1804 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.01 auth\r\n18415 root      20   0  153628   2124   1496 R   0.0  0.1   0:00.01 top<\/pre>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-kill-%E2%80%93-Command-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux\"><\/span>4. kill &#8211;\u00a0Command to Manage Processes in Linux<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The kill command is most often used to terminate a process. Kill can send any signal, but by default, it sends a TERM. kill can be used by normal users on their own processes or by root on any process.<\/p>\n<p>The syntax of the kill command is:<\/p>\n<pre>kill [-signal] pid<\/pre>\n<p>where signal is the number or symbolic name of the signal to be sent and PID is the process identification number of the target process.<\/p>\n<p>A kill without a signal number does not guarantee that the process will die, because the TERM signal can be caught, blocked, or ignored.<\/p>\n<p>The command &#8216;kill -9 pid&#8217; &#8216;guarantees&#8217; that the process will die because signal 9, KILL, cannot be caught. The killall command kills processes by name. For example, the following command kills all Dovecot processes:<\/p>\n<pre>$ sudo killall dovecot<\/pre>\n<p>This command is used to pause the current fore<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-ctrl-z-%E2%80%93-Command-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux\"><\/span>5.\u00a0ctrl + z\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Command to Manage Processes in Linux<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>ground process and move it into the background:<\/p>\n<pre># service spamd restart\r\nRedirecting to \/bin\/systemctl restart  spamd.service\r\n^Z\r\n[1]+  Stopped                 service spamd restart<\/pre>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6-jobs-%E2%80%93-Command-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux\"><\/span>6. jobs &#8211;\u00a0Command to Manage Processes in Linux<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Display a list of current jobs running in the background:<\/p>\n<pre># jobs\r\n[1]+  Stopped                 service spamd restart<\/pre>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7-fg-%E2%80%93-Command-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux\"><\/span>7. fg &#8211;\u00a0Command to Manage Processes in Linux<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>This command is used to move a background process into the foreground:<\/p>\n<pre># fg 1\r\nservice spamd restart<\/pre>\n<p>Of course, you don\u2019t have to\u00a0Manage Processes in Linux if you use one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/managed-vps-hosting.html\">Fully-Managed\u00a0Linux VPS Hosting services<\/a>, in which case you can simply ask our expert Linux admins to manage the server for you. They are available 24&#215;7 and will take care of your request immediately.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">PS<\/span>.<\/strong> If you liked this post, on\u00a0How to Manage Processes in Linux,\u00a0 please share it with your friends on the social networks using the buttons below or simply leave a reply in the comments section. Thanks.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We&#8217;ll show you, How to Manage Processes in Linux. A process is the abstraction used by the Linux operating system &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"How to Manage Processes in Linux\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#more-21774\" aria-label=\"Read more about How to Manage Processes in Linux\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":24921,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1538,1539,1537,1540,1536,1541,1542],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to Manage Processes in Linux - RoseHosting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to Manage Processes in Linux - RoseHosting\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Manage Processes in Linux - RoseHosting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to Manage Processes in Linux - RoseHosting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"RoseHosting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RoseHosting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rosehosting.helpdesk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-03-21T13:35:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-06-03T08:42:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jeff Wilson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@rosehosting\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@rosehosting\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jeff Wilson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jeff Wilson\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/7ce77a842fa6a9a7f8efa186f2353713\"},\"headline\":\"How to Manage Processes in Linux\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-03-21T13:35:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-06-03T08:42:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/\"},\"wordCount\":791,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"fg\",\"jobs\",\"kill\",\"Manage Processes\",\"ps\",\"pstree\",\"top\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Tutorials\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/\",\"name\":\"How to Manage Processes in Linux - RoseHosting\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-03-21T13:35:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-06-03T08:42:15+00:00\",\"description\":\"How to Manage Processes in Linux - RoseHosting\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":600,\"caption\":\"How to Manage Processes in Linux\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"How to Manage Processes in Linux\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"RoseHosting\",\"description\":\"Premium Linux Tutorials Since 2001\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"RoseHosting\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/android-chrome-192x192-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/android-chrome-192x192-1.png\",\"width\":192,\"height\":192,\"caption\":\"RoseHosting\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RoseHosting\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/rosehosting\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rosehosting\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/7ce77a842fa6a9a7f8efa186f2353713\",\"name\":\"Jeff Wilson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/09271207587f897ab46faaed9b355252?s=96&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/09271207587f897ab46faaed9b355252?s=96&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Jeff Wilson\"},\"description\":\"An experienced Linux veteran with many years of experience. Helping other Linux admins with frequent Linux and business-related blog posts on the RoseHosting blog. Techie by choice. Loving nature and travel. Happily married and father of two lovely children.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\",\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rosehosting.helpdesk\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/author\/jwilson\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"How to Manage Processes in Linux - RoseHosting","description":"How to Manage Processes in Linux - RoseHosting","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"How to Manage Processes in Linux - RoseHosting","og_description":"How to Manage Processes in Linux - RoseHosting","og_url":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/","og_site_name":"RoseHosting","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RoseHosting","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rosehosting.helpdesk","article_published_time":"2017-03-21T13:35:34+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-06-03T08:42:15+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":600,"url":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Jeff Wilson","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@rosehosting","twitter_site":"@rosehosting","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Jeff Wilson","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/"},"author":{"name":"Jeff Wilson","@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/7ce77a842fa6a9a7f8efa186f2353713"},"headline":"How to Manage Processes in Linux","datePublished":"2017-03-21T13:35:34+00:00","dateModified":"2022-06-03T08:42:15+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/"},"wordCount":791,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux.jpg","keywords":["fg","jobs","kill","Manage Processes","ps","pstree","top"],"articleSection":["Tutorials"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/","url":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/","name":"How to Manage Processes in Linux - RoseHosting","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux.jpg","datePublished":"2017-03-21T13:35:34+00:00","dateModified":"2022-06-03T08:42:15+00:00","description":"How to Manage Processes in Linux - RoseHosting","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/How-to-Manage-Processes-in-Linux.jpg","width":1200,"height":600,"caption":"How to Manage Processes in Linux"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/how-to-manage-processes-in-linux\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"How to Manage Processes in Linux"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/","name":"RoseHosting","description":"Premium Linux Tutorials Since 2001","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"RoseHosting","url":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/android-chrome-192x192-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/android-chrome-192x192-1.png","width":192,"height":192,"caption":"RoseHosting"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RoseHosting","https:\/\/x.com\/rosehosting","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/rosehosting\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/7ce77a842fa6a9a7f8efa186f2353713","name":"Jeff Wilson","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/09271207587f897ab46faaed9b355252?s=96&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/09271207587f897ab46faaed9b355252?s=96&r=g","caption":"Jeff Wilson"},"description":"An experienced Linux veteran with many years of experience. Helping other Linux admins with frequent Linux and business-related blog posts on the RoseHosting blog. Techie by choice. Loving nature and travel. Happily married and father of two lovely children.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rosehosting.helpdesk"],"url":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/author\/jwilson\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21774"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21774"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21774\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41888,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21774\/revisions\/41888"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24921"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}